A recent genetic study indicates that Neanderthals predominantly inherited modern human DNA from the women in their lineage due to mating preferences. Researchers from the University of Pennsylvania found higher levels of “anatomically modern human” (AMH) DNA in Neanderthal X chromosomes, suggesting a maternal influence on genetic exchange. This study sheds light on social dynamics among ancient populations, according to Professor Sarah Tishkoff.
Neanderthals, who coexisted with modern humans but originated in Europe and Asia, interbred with modern humans, leaving traces of Neanderthal DNA in non-African human ancestors. The uneven distribution of human DNA in Neanderthal genomes, especially in X chromosomes, was a focal point of the investigation. By analyzing X chromosomes from ancient Neanderthal women and modern African women, the researchers discovered significantly higher human DNA content in Neanderthal X chromosomes than in other chromosomes.
Senior research scientist Alexander Platt proposed that the unequal distribution of human DNA could be attributed to a preference for mating between Neanderthal men with more human ancestry and women with more Neanderthal ancestry. This unequal passing of X chromosomes could explain the observed pattern. The researchers explored various scenarios to explain this phenomenon, including the possibility of gender-specific preferences for ancestral traits.
The study also considered factors like migration patterns, mate preferences, and natural selection influencing these genetic patterns. Damian Labuda, a retired professor from the University of Montreal, praised the study’s findings, suggesting that factors like breeding patterns and genetic mismatches may have influenced Neanderthal mating choices. Previous research has indicated potential health implications for Neanderthal-human hybrids, emphasizing the complex interplay of genetics and evolution among ancient populations.
